Informatics Publishing Limited

N. Prabhu ¹, M. Dev Anand ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSN College of Engineering and Technology, Tirunelveli-627 152, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil-629 180, Kanyakunari District, IN

Abstract

This paper concerns with the dynamic analysis of a SCORBOT-ER Vu plus robot arm, used for doing successful robotic manipulation task in its 3D workspace. The SCORBOT-ER Vu plus robot is a five DOF of vertical articulated robot and all the joints are revolute. The forces and/ or torques required to cause motion of a system of bodies was studied using dynamic analysis, which is very complicated one for robot manipulator. Usually, the end-effector is to be guided through a given path with suggested motion characteristics. The actuated joints are applied with a set of torque and /or force function, to produce that motion. This actuating torque and/or force functions depends on several parameters includes spatial attributes of given path, mass properties of links, payload, externally applied forces and so on. There are two different points of view namely dynamical analysis and dynamical synthesis to tackle the dynamics of robot manipulator. Dynamic analysis handles with the derivation of equations of motion of a given manipulator that involves two problems namely direct dynamics and inverse dynamics. Among the two, direct dynamics can be defined as a set of actuated joint torque and/or force functions, calculates the resulting motion of the end-effector as a function of time. While inverse dynamics is defined as a trajectory of the end-effector as a function of time, that finds the set of actuated joint torque and/or force functions producing that motion. The computational efficiency of direct dynamics is not taken into account, as it used primarily for computer simulations of a robot manipulator. While efficient inverse dynamic model is considered as important for real-time, model based control of a robot manipulator. The Lagrangian equations of motion and the principle of virtual work are utilized to carry out the dynamical analysis of robot manipulators. The mathematical model of dynamic parameter sets are solved using MATLAB 7.10 and dynamic solutions obtained is found to be identical with the real time readings of robot arm.

Keywords

Forward Dynamics, Inverse Dynamics, Robot Manipulator, Lagrangian Equation.

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R. Rajesh ¹, M. Dev Anand ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil–629180, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Advanced trade materials such as polymers, ceramics, composites, and super alloys play an ever increasing important role in modern manufacturing industries. There are many applications, where engineers have reached the performance limit of metals, and there is no alternative but to seek the use of advanced material in various applications like aluminum alloy and composite. Machining of aluminum alloy and composite requires the need for better understanding of cutting processes regarding Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Surface Roughness (Ra). To meet the challenges of the changing world, the Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) process must have the process capability, accuracy and robustness. In EDM process, it is important to select machining parameters for achieving optimal machining performance in these types of materials. To achieve this goal, the EDM process has to be modeled and optimized. In this work, Response Surface Methodology is used to investigate the effect of six controllable input variables namely peak current, discharge voltage, pulse on time, pulse off time, spark gap and oil pressure and also two output variables like MRR and SR are the responses. The experimental work is to know the effect of above-mentioned six input variables on EDM and to conclude this effect on the MRR and SR. This paper describes optimizations of EDM processes using RSM giving the details of formulation of optimization models, solution methodology used and optimization result in machining of Al alloy with HE9 and LM25 Al/10% SiC.

Keywords

Electrical Discharge Machining, Response Surface Methodology, Surface Roughness, Material Removal Rate, Process Parameters.

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K. S. Jai Aultrin ¹, M. Dev Anand ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil – 629180, Thuckalay, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Last decades have witnessed a rapid growth in the development of harder, difficult and complexity to machine metals and alloys. AWJM is one of the most freshly built up nontraditional machining processes in processing various types of hard-to-cut materials nowadays. It is an economical method for heat sensitive materials that cannot be machined by processes that produce heat while machining. Machining parameters play a lead role in determining the economics of machine and machining quality. This paper investigates the prediction of MRR and Surface roughness on Lead Tin Alloy using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Methods/Statistical analysis: In this work, the influence of five AWJM parameters of the process on SR and MRR of an American element referred as Lead Tin Alloy which is machined by AWJM was experimentally performed and analyzed. According to RSM design, different experiments have been performed with the combination of input parameters on this American element. Findings: Outcome depicts the minimum error attained for data belonging to test is 1.063814%% for MRR and 0.208967018% for SR. Also the maximum error obtained is about 9.475104% for MRR and 9.070886429% for SR. By training the network deviations may occur but error is reduced because this technique is heuristic.

Keywords

Artificial Neural Network, Material Removal Rate, Response Surface Methodology, Surface Roughness

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A. M. Senthil Anbazhagan ¹, M. Dev Anand ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil – 629 180, Thuckalay, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The wind and seismic design is a major requirement in equipment design in oil and gas industries. In this paper we have investigated how height column intended for being designed to withstand weighty external seismic and wind effects and few significant design steps intended for considering in order to avoid column failures. Finite element based design approach is recommended as this is not a normal industrial practice currently. Many of the fabrication industries are following analytical based approach. That may be the reason some times under designed columns fail. The disadvantage of analytical method is that we cannot see exact stresses during design, so the chances of over and under design is high in analytical methods. This is one of the major reasons for developing a firm solution through this research paper. Also there is no firm fem based design procedure available in industries to follow. The code rules like ASME SECVIII DIV-I, ASME DIV-II, ASCE, IS-875, and IS-1893 are used and the allowed stresses to determine the adequacy of this design within every required loading conditions are learnt and presented. Achieved outcomes are acceptable along with the prerequisite of international standards and codes and current industry practices. FEM was redone and found that the column is safe with is to be check various shell and skirt thickness.

Keywords

Dead Weight, Earthquake, Empty Vessel, Pressure, Static Test Pressure, Static Pressure, Test Pressure, Vessel Dead Weight, Wind

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D. Jackson ¹, M. Dev Anand ², T. Sivarajan ³, D. M. Mary Synthia Regis Prabha ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil – 629180, Thuckalay, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil – 629180, Thuckalay, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kottayam Institute of Technology and Science (KITS), Chengalam East, Pallickathodu, Kottayam – 686585, Kerala, IN
4 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Noorul Islam University, Kanyakumari – 629180, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The objective of this work is to determine the performance of magnetic brakes in small wind turbines for various speeds. Finally, the quality of electric power produce can be enhanced by exact control of turbine`s rotor speed given by the magnetic brakes. Findings: Simulations have done using the various controllers comprising Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) Controller, Proportional Integral Controller, Fuzzy Logic (FL) Controller and Non Linear Controller in Mat lab Simulink. A comparative study is then made for the above simulations and obtained a conclusion that PID is the best choice. Besides this, a turning is made for PID controller using bacterial Fragmentation Algorithm and the best fit results are obtained. With such a controller inserted in our system, the system can have its optimum performance even at stall conditions. Applications/Improvements: With such a controller inserted in our system, the system can have its optimum performance even at stall conditions.

Keywords

Control System, Fuzzy Logic Controller, Magnetic Brake, Torque, Wind Turbine

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R. Anil Raj ¹, M. Dev Anand ², K. Leo Dev Wins ¹, A. S. Varadarajan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karuyna University, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore – 641114, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil – 629180, Thuckalay, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Nowadays artificial intelligence plays an important role in manufacturing sector. How to utilize that in an effective manner is a key factor of optimization. So identification of optimal modeling tool for effective manufacturing gives an extraordinary output. Methods/Statistical Analysis: This paper develops an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model with hybrid model to predict the Surface Roughness (SR) of the H13 tool steel work piece of 45 HRC hardness value. The investigation of operation has been done in hard turning using minimal cutting fluid application. Findings: The effect of the different input parameters like cutting force, temperature and vibration has been analyzed. Here the hybrid type of ANFIS model is created with triangular membership function and the observed results indicated that the predicted output surface roughness is almost very close to the actual output obtained in the experimental work.

Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Fuzzy Inference System, Surface Roughness, Turning

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M. Dev Anand ¹, N. L. Maharaja ², K. Sanu Kailordson ³, N. Prabhu ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil - 629 180, Thuckalay, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSN College of Engineering and Technology, PSN Nagar, Melathediyoor, Tirunelveli - 627152, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, DMI Engineering College, Aralvaimozhi – 627105, Tamil Nadu, IN
4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kottayam Institute of Technology and Science (KITS), Chengalam East, Pallickathodu, Kottayam - 686585, Kerala, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Ceramic heat exchangers are preferred in most high temperature applications due to its high temperature stability and corrosion resistance. Evaluation of performance of the heat exchanger under different circumstances helps us to select suitable design for certain application. Methods/Statistical Analysis: This work investigated the functioning capability of a ceramic heat exchanger, determining pressure drop and the heat transfer theoretically by Ɛ-NTU method by using silicon carbide and aluminium nitride as heat exchanger material. The performance of both the ceramic material under the desired condition was compared. A heat exchanger possess ducts that is rectangular to exhaust gas, ducts which are rectangular for air and exhaust gases, a core made of ceramic along with air in the cross-flow direction. Findings: Heat exchanger has been investigated involving conventional Ɛ-NTU technique with numerous Nusselt number correlations from the literature for characterizing the rectangular duct flow. Theoretical analyses reveal that, while using aluminium nitride as the heat exchanger material the performance parameters such as overall heat transfer got increased by 4.5-5%, effectiveness by 3% and heat transfer rate by same 3% relative to silicon carbide as the heat exchanger material. Applications/Improvements: Analysis on performance enhancement of all other heat exchanger.

Keywords

Ceramic Recuperator, Cross Flow, Effectiveness, Heat Transfer, Pressure Drop

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M. Dev Anand ¹, G. Glan Devadhas ², N. Prabhu ³, T. Karthikeyan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil - 629 180, Thuckalay, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Noorul Islam University, Kumaracoil - 629 180, Thuckalay, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kottayam Institute of Technology and Science (KITS), Chengalam East, Pallickathodu, Kottayam - 686585, Kerala, IN
4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai - 602105, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

A ceramic monolith heat exchanger has been learnt for finding out heat transfer performance and effectiveness on computing numerically and ξ-NTU method. In entire domain computation numerically has been performed along with fluid region in rectangular ducts of exhaust gas side, ceramic core and rectangular duct fluid region in air side with the air exhaust in direction of cross flow. Additionally, the heat exchanger has been examined for estimating the functionality via ξ-NTU technique that is conventional along numerous Nusselt number links for rectangular duct flow for the literature. Based on the research, it has been performed on the ceramic heat exchangers and on the ceramic materials and the demand in utilizing the ceramic materials in heat exchangers. Then the recuperator is modeled by using GAMBIT and it is analyzed using FLUENT. The effectiveness and the heat transfer rate are also calculated. Then those outcomes have been assessed along the experimental data. By comparison of both functionality by computing numerically and the ξ-NTU technique, the efficiency by ξ-TU technique has been identified to be nearest to product by the numerical computation among the associative of 2.15% when Stephan's Nusselt number association has been adapted to the ξ-NTU technique within numerous connections. The total heat transfer and effectiveness by ξ-NTU method relative errors utilizing five Nusselt number correlations from literature have been lesser than 14.5% comparative to numerical computation. Associated to Nusselt number correlations, the entire heat transfer utilizing ξ-NTU technique with Stephan's correlation is highly nearest to numerical computation. For that reason, the exit temperature by ξ-NTU method with Stephan's correlation simulates within 1.2% of the relative error for exhaust exist temperature and 0.45% for the air exit temperature assessed against the numerical computation. Overall heat transfer coefficient's relative errors by ξ-NTU technique utilizing five Nusselt number correlations for the literature have been more than 17.5% to that on computing numerically.

Keywords

Ceramic Recuperators, Cross Flow, Effectiveness, Heat Transfer, Pressure Drop

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P. V. Joseph Paul ¹, M. Dev Anand ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Al Azhar College of Engineering & Technology Perumpillichira, Thodupuzha, Idukki - 685605, Kerala, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil - 629180, Thuckalay, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The main objective is to study the variation of Nusselt number for various distances (Z/D) between nozzle exit and plate. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Current work experimentally examines the heat transfer on a heated plate impinged with cold air jet. Stainless steel plate material measures the dimensions 150mm × 150mm × 0.5mm and is electrically heated uniformly. Copper tube pipe is utilized as circular nozzle (6 mm and 10 mm) and aluminum material square pipe utilized as a square nozzle to move the jet flow out at numerous Re Numbers. Findings: The cold jets having Reynolds number (10066.20, 20056.63, 30070.03, 40020.26, 50026.93, and 60061.79) is utilized for impinging on the plate. Nu Number variation over the plate was analyzed for various plates to nozzle distances (Z/D). It is observed Nu Number rises against rise in Re Numbers for all distances (Z/D). Applications/Improvements: It is concluded that the Nusselt number increases with increasing in Reynolds numbers for all distances (Z/D) between nozzle exit and plate at radial direction.

Keywords

Heat Transfer, Jet Impingement, Nu Number, Reynolds Number

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M. Dev Anand ¹, S. Vijay Ananth ², D. Jackson ³, N. Prabhu ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil - 629 180, Thuckalay, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Agni College of Technology, Thalambur, Chennai - 600130, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil - 629 180, Thuckalay, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, IN
4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kottayam Institute of Technology and Science (KITS), Chengalam East, Pallickathodu, Kottayam - 686585, Kerala, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Diesel engine's optional fuel known as Biodiesel holds fatty acids alkyl monoesters from oils of vegetable or fats of animals. It can be formed from renewable sources namely vegetable oils, restaurant waste oil and fry oil. Bio Diesel may be cost effective if produced from feedstock of low cast namely restaurant animal fats, waste oil, and fry oil, which contains of free fatty acids having high amount (FFA). Methods/Statistical Analysis: When processing these oils that are low cost problem occurs and fats are those they regularly possess huge quantity of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) which is impossible for conversion as biodiesel by means of an alkaline catalyst. In this work, a technique has been described for reducing the free fatty acids content of this feedstock's utilizing pretreatment of an acid catalyzed to esterify the free fatty acids earlier to transterifying the triglycerides with catalyst of an alkaline to fulfill the reaction. Chief principle of this work was to expand a two-step production technique of biodiesel from pork waste as a raw material. The variables were methanol to oil ration, base catalyst and acid concentration. With particular attention for optimizing, the first step was the acid catalyst esterification to reduce the free fatty acid content and the second step was alkali catalyzed Transeseterification to convert fatty acid methyl ester. Experiments established the RSM model validity. Maximum percentage of fatty acid methyl ester under optimum conditions of the variables was 93%. Findings: Optimum condition for Transeseterification was 13:1 of methanol to oil, 0.4gm sodium hydroxide concentration and 90min of reaction time. Optimum condition for the acid catalyzed esterification was found to be 1.5v/v. ANOVA analysis has been executed for studying the effect of the variables and response surfaces were plotted. Experiments established the RSM model validity. Applications/Improvements: Experiments are going to be establishing the RSM model validity along with tuning with the help of intelligent algorithms.

Keywords

Biodiesel, Esterification, Free Fatty Acids, RSM, Transeseterification

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R. Rajesh ¹, M. Dev Anand ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil - 629180, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Surface roughness plays a major role in determining how an original component will interact with its environment. For getting a good surface finish industries spent huge cost for introducing new technologies. The use of advanced engineering ceramics and composites in the aerospace and defense industries is continuous and increases day by day. Surface Roughness (SR) prediction plays a vital role in improving the surface finish in industries. The present work deals with predicting the surface roughness of AISI1020 steel material in Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) by using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Methods/Statistical Analysis: The discharge voltage, discharge current, pulse on time, pulse off time, gap between tool and workpiece and oil pressure are taken as the input parameters, whereas SR is the output machining parameter. Design of Experiment (DoE) is based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM). ANFIS model has been constructed using Gaussian membership function (Gaussmf) with 2 membership function for each and every input parameter and linear membership function for output parameter SR and MRR. Findings: We employed both the back propagation method and the hybrid method for membership function parameter training. Based on the conclusion from the comparison of ANFIS with two types of membership function parameter training, hybrid method provides accurate results. Applications/Improvements: It is further used that the maximum error when the network is optimized by the intelligent technique has been reduced considerably. Sensitivity analysis is also done to find the relative influence of factors on the performance measures. It is observed that type of material is having more influence on the performance measures.

Keywords

Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System, Electrical Discharge Machining, Response Surface Methodology, Surface Roughness

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G. Glan Devadhas ¹, M. Dev Anand ², D. M. Mary Synthia Regis Prabha ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Noorul Islam University, Kanyakumari – 629180, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Deputy Director Academic Affairs, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil – 629180, Thuckalay, Tamil Nadu State, IN
3 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Noorul Islam University,Kanyakumari – 629180, Tamil Nadu

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Emissions of toxic substances are the major occupational and environmental problem associated with Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) process which is the highly extensively utilized nontraditional production process whereas these emissions could lead to unfavorable health issues to the operators and possess the straight forward impact towards the environment. Emissions of aerosols and gases are influenced by the temperature in the spark location which is a function of process parameters. This work aims at the characterization of hydrocarbons generated from the EDM process, in which kerosene is used as dielectric, for varying process parameters. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The experiment was designed using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array to study the influence of parameters of process on exposure. Die electrical level, Peak current Pulse Duration and flushing pressure were the parameters of process taken into account in this research. Findings: The breathing zone concentrations of emissions were sampled for gases and aerosols and these samples are analyzed for hydrocarbons using gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis. The analysis results are compared with the exposure limit values or threshold limit values specified by the standard agencies and appropriate control measures were suggested.

Keywords

Aerosols and Gases, Characterization, Electric Discharge Machining, Emissions, Threshold Limit Value

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N. Prabhu ¹, M. Dev Anand ², S. Satish ³, C. K. Akhil ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kottayam Institute of Technology and Science (KITS), Chengalam East, Pallickathodu, Kottayam – 686585, Kerala, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil – 629180, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kottayam Institute of Technology and Science (KITS), Chengalam East, Pallickathodu, Kottayam – 686585, Kerala, IN

Abstract

Dynamics deals with not only forces but also torques necessary to lead to the motion of a system of bodies. The robot manipulators can also be approached from two different points of view: Dynamical analysis and dynamical synthesis. Dynamical analysis handles the equations of motion derivation of a specified manipulator. Two types of dynamical analysis problems exist: Direct dynamics and inverse dynamics. The computational efficiency of direct dynamics is not much as critical because it is utilized chiefly for computer simulations of a robot manipulator. Moreover, a competent inverse dynamic model turns into tremendously significant for real-time, model dependent control of a robot manipulator. A set of torque and/or force functions have to be functional at the actuated joints in the idea of generating that motion. These actuating torque and/or force functions rely not only on the spatial and attributes of the given path but also on the mass properties of the links, the pay load, the outwardly applied forces and so on. This paper deals with the dynamic analysis of a SCORBOT-ER V plus robot arm that is involved in performing victorious robotic manipulation task in its 3D workspace. This research considered mathematical dynamic model based on Lagrangian equations of motion and the result is compared with LabVIEW Software.

Keywords

Direct Dynamics, Inverse Dynamics, Lagrangien Equation, LabVIEW, Robot Manipulator

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Anil Raj ¹, K. Leo Dev Wins ¹, M. Dev Anand ², A. S. Varadarajan ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical Sciences, Karunya University, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu – 641114, IN
2 Academic Affairs, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil - 629 180, Thuckalay, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, IN
3 Mechanical Engineering Department, Nehru College of Engineering and Research Centre, Thrissur, Kerala

Abstract

During modern era of manufacturing hard turning of steel is performed with excessive supply of cutting fluids. Much of the cutting fluids are emulsions of petroleum based oil that can cause severe environmental hazards. Dry machining is a logical substitute as it is trouble free from the environmental issues. On the other hand, under dry condition, surface roughness of work piece and tool life is usually influenced on machining. Under those circumstances, Minimal Cutting Fluid Application (MCFA) can be considered as a feasible alternate. In current research an effort has been taken for exploring the various effects of vegetable oil (soya bean oil) based cutting fluid with minimal application of cutting fluid on hard turning of AISI4340 steel. Accordingly, soya bean oil based emulsion was prepared by adding important additives. A comprehensive experimentation was carried out using Taguchi's design to comprehend the influence of fluid application parameters on cutting force. Research showed promising outcomes through cutting force reduction.

Keywords

: Hard Turning, Minimal Cutting Fluid Application, Vegetable Oil Based Cutting Fluid

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R. Rajesh ¹, M. Dev Anand ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil – 629 180, Thuckalay, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Modelling and optimization of machining process is recognized to be an extremely challenging research area in current scenario. This study illustrates work suggestion, an intellectual approach in solving multi-response optimization problem involving Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) of LM25 Al composite using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) combined with Radial Basics Function Neural Network (RBFNN) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques. Methods/Statistical Analysis: An experimental analysis was carried out in establishing the most significant machining parameters that throw in to MRR and SR. The experimental plan for these investigations was conducted according to the RSM. RBFNN and ANN is a computational intelligence model that consists of nodes that are interlinked.The optimization of EDM is performed by preferring input process parameters like discharge voltage, current, pulse-on time, pulse-off time, oil pressure and spark gap, and also output responses as Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Surface Roughness (SR) using Box - Behnken method. Findings: Each node performs a simple operation in computing its output from its input that is transmitted through links connected to other links. This is comparatively simple computational model because of the analogous structure that of neural system in human brain-nodes equivalent neurons and links corresponding to synapses that transmit signals between neurons. Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) is utilized to train the network for optimizing the EDM parameters. By simulation the result was authenticated with the target output awaiting the network error has congregated to threshold minimum. Applications/Improvements: Multi-response MRR and SR modelling were performed in the EDM process and via the investigation on the experiment the results are confirmed. Different process parameters consequences have also been premeditated.

Keywords

Electrical Discharge Machining, Metal Removal Rate, Neural Network, Response Surface Methodology, Radial Basics Function Neural Networks, Surface Roughness

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A. Siddique Ahmed Ghias ¹, S. Vijay Ananth ¹, M. Dev Anand ², G. Glan Devadhas ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Agni College of Technology, Thalambur, Chennai – 603103, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Academic Affairs, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Noorul Islam University, Kanyakumari - 629180, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Noorul Islam University, Kanyakumari - 629180, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: An experimental investigation and a numerical study of characteristics of heat transfer of coil in shell heat exchanger is performed. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The effects of the change in shape of tube on the heat transfer are studied here. For this, a helical coil was designed and manufactured. The difference of this study from previous ones is that the geometry of the coil is different. Existing studies used only single stretch of helical coil but in this case there are two sets of helical coil connected by a small straight tube. The heat exchanger designed is of counter follow configuration to maximize the amount of heat transferred. In the experiment, keeping constant the flow rate of shell side, the side flow rate was kept on changing and for each tube side flow rate readings were taken for different temperatures. Wilson plots were plotted for obtaining the values of convective coefficient of heat transfer. Findings: The experimental set up was validated; the values for friction factor and Nusselt number were within agreeable limits of theoretical values. A numerical study of the heat exchanger was carried out using FLUENT. Applications/Improvements: The results obtain from FLUENT supports the value obtained from the experiment.

Keywords

Counter Flow, Friction Factor, Heat Transfer, Helical Coils, Nusselt Number

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K. S. Jai Aultrin ¹, M. Dev Anand ²

Affiliations
1 Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil - 629180, Thuckalay, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil - 629180, Thuckalay, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Last decades have witnessed a rapid growth in the development of harder, difficult and complexity to machine metals and alloys. Abrasive Water Jet Machining (AWJM) is one of the recently developed nontraditional mechanical type hybrid machining processes in processing various kinds of hard-to-cut materials. It is an economical method for heat sensitive materials that cannot be machined by processes that produce heat while machining. Machining parameters play the lead role in determining the machine economics and quality of machining. This paper investigates the prediction of MRR and SR on Aluminum, Copper and Lead alloys using the combination of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic (FL). Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this study, the consequence of different AWJM process parameters on Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Surface Roughness (SR) of three nonferrous alloys namely Aluminum, Copper and Lead which are machined by AWJM was experimentally performed and analyzed. According to Response Surface Methodology (RSM) design, different experiments were conducted with the combination of input parameters on these alloys. Findings: A combinational method called as Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System provides effective knowledge based training to process parameters, to make its enhancement of process performance.

Keywords

Abrasive Water Jet Machining, Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System, Material Removal Rate, Response Surface Methodology, Surface Roughness

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A. M. Senthil Anbazhagan ¹, M. Dev Anand ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil - 629 180, Thuckalay, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu State, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Saddles are one of the important parts of vessel as they support the vessel. In this study, how Mode II type crack propagated inside the junction of saddle and vessel connection would spoil the entire setup of the vessel was investigated. The main intention of this work was to avoid the repeated failures of saddles during operation in energy development industries and wherever it is used. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Two different types of saddles were considered and fabricated using IS2060 Grade B material. The saddle parts were welded as per the code rule of API. Findings: Normally, welding in inclined saddle is difficult in comparison with straight saddle. This may be reason; the failure rate of inclined saddle is high in comparison with straight saddles during operation and loading conditions. The other possibility of failure is the gap formation inside the weld during joining the plates. This is due to non-deposition of weld materials. The gap would grow during operation and loaded conditions. To avoid these types of failures, external and internal crack inspections were done. Once the inspection was done, it was examined the load carrying of the fabricated saddles using FEM. Then the solid works software was used to simulate the solid model which it’s developed similar like original saddle fabricated for estimating the load carrying capacities. The obtained results of NDT and FEM were presented and the design recommendations based on investigation and study are also suggested. Applications/Improvements: The obtained results of NDT and FEM were presented and the design recommendations based on investigation and study are also suggested.

Keywords

Pressure Vessels, Saddles Finite Elements, Inspection, Support Structure.

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N. Prabhu ¹, M. Dev Anand ²

Affiliations
1 DME, PSNCET, Melathidiyoor, Tirunelveli, IN
2 Dept of Mechanical Engg, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

This paper features a complete forward and backward kinematic analysis of a SCORBOT-ER Vu Plus robot arm which is used for doing successful robotic manipulation task in its workspace. The SCORBOT-ER Vu Plus is a vertical articulated robot, with five revolute joints. This design permits the end effector to be positioned and oriented arbitrarily within a large work space. Kinematics problem is generally more complex for robotic manipulators. The kinematics problem is defined as the first one is an inverse kinematic calculation which transforms the trajectory, usually specified in a Cartesian coordinate, into a sequence of required joint positions. The second one is the generation of joint torques from required joint angles and their derivatives. The Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) Matrix is a transformation matrix from one coordinate frame to the next. The D-H model of representation is used to model robot links and joints in this study along with 4 × 4 homogeneous matrix. SCORBOT-ER Vu plus is a dependable and safe robotic system designed is useful for developing a supplementary teaching tool for practical experience in robotics, automation, Mechatronics and control systems design courses. To find the set of robot joint parameter this can be used to solve this mathematical model with the help of mathematical derived equation, MATLAB 7.10 and SCORBASE robotic control software package. The working feature of these methods makes it very successful and popular in this solution, all method results shows in an acceptable error.

Keywords

Forward Kinematics, Inverse Kinematics, Denavit-Hartenberg, Robot Manipulator, Position and Orientation.

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M. Dev Anand ¹, T. Selvaraj ¹, S. Kumanan ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept of Production Engg., National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, IN

Abstract

A high degree of automation in flexible production units demands powerful tools for supervision and fault detection. This paper outlines recent advances on the theory of model-based fault diagnosis in dynamic systems. Robot manipulator fault detection and diagnosis involves processing of huge information about the robot system. A fuzzy logic based threshold for residual evaluation is suggested here. The proposed fuzzy logic control scheme has been applied to trajectory control of a five-degree of freedom robot manipulator. The proposed method is capable to address unstructured and unknown disturbances. Simulated results are presented in terms of fault detection accuracy and knowledge extraction feasibility.

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